Sabtu, 13 Ogos 2011

Satu Panduan Tentang Bahan Mentah Seramik Bertoksik

Panduan kepada artis atau pereka seramik tentang keselamatan mengendalikan bahan-bahan seramik. Anda perlu berhati-hati apabila menggunakan bahan-bahan seramik berikut:

(Berhuruf besar merupakan bahan asas yang bertoksik, manakala yang bersebelahan adalah bahan berkaitan dengan bahan asas tersebut)

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ALUMINIUM OXIDE - feldspar, tanah liat

ANTIMONY - antimony oxide

BARIUM - barium carbonate, barium oxide

BORON - borax (sodium borate), boric acid, calcium borate frit, colemanite

CADMIUM - bahantara cadmium

CALCIUM OXIDE - whiting, dolomite

CHROMIUM - chromium oxide

COBALT - cobalt carbonate, cobalt oxide

FLUORINE - fluorspar (calcium fluoride) yang dikesan di dalam bahan-bahan mineral. Pengudaraan bilik yang baik dapat menghilangkan kesan fluorine ini dalam atmosfera tanur.

LITHIUM OXIDE - spodumene, lepidolite

MAGNESIUM OXIDE - magnesite, dolomite talc

MANGANESE - bahan-bahan yang mengandungi manganese (seperti manganese dioxide) boleh menjejaskan kesihatan.

NICKEL - nickel oxide

SELENIUM - bahan-bahan yang mengandungi selenium

SILICON - quartz (pasir), flint, cristobalite (mengandungi bersama silica bebas di dalam kebanyakan tanah liat)

SODIUM OXIDE - soda feldspar, debu mutiara, nitre (soda nitre)

STRONTIUM - strontium oxide, strontium carbonate

TITANIUM OXIDE - rutile

VANADIUM - vanadium pentoxide

ZINC - zinc oxide

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BAHAN-BAHAN GABUNGAN BERTOKSIK

Ramai artis atau pereka seramik menggunakan bahan-bahan lead frit yang mempunyai kadar larutan rendah dan tidak mendatangkan kesan buruk kepada kesihatan. Tetapi bahan-bahan ini akan bertoksik sekiranya dicampurkan dengan bahan lain seperti copper dan chromium. Risiko pada kesihatan juga akan berlaku jika tindakbalas asid dalam makanan apabila di simpan di dalam bekas seramik bergerlis yang menggunakan bahan lead frit tadi. Bahan-bahan ini sering digunakan di dalam gerlis kerana ia berupaya memberikan kelebihan kepada artis atau pereka seramik dengan mendapatkan tahap pembakaran yang luas, tahap pencairan (melting) gerlis pada suhu yang rendah dan memberikan kesan licin serta berkilat (high gloss). Ia juga dapat meningkatkan kualiti warna gerlis dan jika digunakan secara yang betul ia berupaya meninggikan tahap kalis asid pada permukaan seramik.

Bahantara seperti barium, antimony and zinc dan bahan pewarna oxide; copper, manganese, cobalt dan cadmium adalah bertoksik. Penjagaan kebersihan bengkel perlu dititikberatkan dengan kaedah selalu mengelap lantai, meja dan peralatan sebagai pelindung kesihatan terhadap pencemaran bahan toksik ini. Sarung tangan getah perlu dipakai ketika mengendalikan bahan-bahan soda yang tidak ber-frit. Ketika mengendalikan bahan-bahan gerlis serbuk, topeng pernafasan perlu dipakai .

Jika ragu-ragu terhadap bahan-bahan seramik ini samada bertoksik atau tidak, anda perlu mendapatkan kepastian dengan menghubungi pengedar atau pengilang yang melabelkan bahan-bahan ini supaya ianya selamat dikendalikan.


Rujukan:

Wensley, Doug. Pottery, The Essential Manual. Marlborough: The Crowood Press, 2002

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